The Allegation for Disability Discrimination-Samples for Students

Question: Show a capacity to fundamentally assess contemporary hypothetical and exact discussions about the idea of debilitation and incapacity. Answer: The claim for handicap victimization Starbucks is legitimate. Indeed, the point of view is chiefly from the representatives side. The prime explanation that I discovered is that the representative, Meseret Kumulchew, when fills in as a manager, she is very much aware of her duty from the time she is enrolled. Because of Dyslexia, the concerned association put claims that she has adulterated the information while recording the water and cooler temperatures. The claim for this situation isn't right is on the grounds that, the association thinks about her ailment and along these lines, lost the argument against handicap segregation. It is likewise evident that an association needs to play out their business work appropriately and they need to keep up their efficiency with the productivity. Anyway in this the claim on the representative for distorting the archives is extraordinary. The association ought to need to think about the passionate parity of every worker. For this situation, the casualty occasion took endeavor for self destruction and face mental injury during those days. Right off the bat, the business ought not fault out of nowhere on the workers in regards to their steadfastness for the association. Starbucks for this situation likewise cling to the 2010 Equality Act and permit more opportunity to the worker to finish her work or give her some assistance so she could achieve her obligations inside time. The business can lead an eye to eye meeting to examine about the issue as opposed to fault on her that bring about a legal dispute, which then again, hampers the brands notoriety. As per the British Dyslexia Association, it is suggested that all associations must make sensible alterations and detail important hierarchical arrangements so individuals with minor and significant handicap can't confront any test to finish their day by day work jobs and obligations. References BBC News. (2017). Starbucks representative successes dyslexia separation case - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-35521061 [Accessed 21 Aug. 2017]. Turner, C. (2017). Dyslexic worker wins separation argument against Starbucks. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Accessible at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/shopping-and-shopper news/12148217/Dyslexic-worker wins-separation argument against-Starbucks.html [Accessed 21 Aug. 2017]. Weaver, M. (2017). Dyslexic worker wins separation body of evidence against Starbucks. [online] the Guardian. Accessible at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/feb/09/dyslexic-representative successes segregation case-starbucks [Accessed 21 Aug. 2017].

A Theory of Dividends Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

A Theory of Dividends - Dissertation Example The principle profit strategies essentially received by a large portion of the organizations worldwide can be fundamentally separated into four classifications. Consistent profit framework beat the rundown followed by steady profit proportion framework, profits equivalent to free income framework and clingy profit framework (Internet, Introduction to Dividend Policy and Theory, two issues, 1). In the consistent profit framework, organizations deliver whole steady sum as profit each year independent of the benefit extend while in the consistent proportion framework, they embrace a steady proportion on earnings.â The last is otherwise called the EPS or DPS meaning income per offer or profit per share. In the third framework, quantum of free income controls the installment. In the last one, otherwise called the Lintner Model, organizations receive a clingy strategy in which profits are first paid in a low level and afterward expanded after certain years. This is primarily done to impr ove the certainty of speculators and shareholders. Dividend theoriesWhy should organizations pronounce profits? It is the obligation of the administrations to demonstrate some money related advantage to the speculators who have contributed their investment funds. Organizations direct their business with the ventures offered by the investors and it is their bounden obligation to offer profits consequently to them. Yet, as the portions of the organizations are exchanged the securities exchanges, it is normal for showcase players to interface the profits to the offer costs. The facts confirm that there are a few organizations that don't deliver profits.

The Importance of Wasting Time

The Importance of Wasting Time Note: this one is dedicated to the expectant EA applicants. Hope you can make your week fun to rid of all that anxiety! On Thanksgiving Eve, most of my First East floormates disappeared, their tiny suitcases rolling out the MIT bubble and into an alien world. For the few on hall, the prospect of four days of academic freedom exhilarated, and our evening promised much excitement. Someone rolled a large TV from their room. We watched Pitch Perfect, a film in which freshmen know what they want to do with their lives. Inspired by their successes, we then decided to form an a capella  group and promptly proceeded preparing material for our first album, starting with a mismatched rendition of Queen’s “Bohemian Rhapsody,”  continuing onto “Demons” by Imagine Dragons, and finally performing “Icarus” by Bastille (the song some lounge critics proclaimed to be our best creation). When harmonizing proved not-as-good-as-expected, we found a calling in rap. Soon the first three tracks of our (yet unreleased) album entitled Motherf**ing Xylophone were conceived, all enhanced visually by some serious on-table choreography. Freestyle rapping was a difficult feat, but fortunately our album’s title matched every beat and awkward pause. It was fun, but the band definitely required more practice before release. (on that note, here is a VIDEO on DNA replication by our more seasoned friends and competitors Brenda Z. ‘18 and Ama K. ‘18, created in an attempt to win dinner with the renowned Professor Eric Lander) By the time we had completed the intense a capella practice and rap battle session, it was almost dawn, so we decided to watch the sunrise together and then sleep at last. After a walk past the rosy river that lasted way longer than the planned five minutes, we returned frozen but satisfied to our rooms, to rest. On Thanksgiving Thursday, Denali ‘18 (who has a flair for the mysterious and thus has already been mentioned under three different aliases in the blogosphere) and I prepared a modest holiday dinner. She made delectable potatoes and baked salmon (that she’d caught herself in a pre-college Alaskan life), and I stumbled through the creation of the “Bra” (brownie + bar) desert, which involved some interesting mixing of diverse ingredients and much anticipation. Afterwards, some played video games, and I attempted to work. Upon opening my eyes the next day, I was pleased to note that it was 6 am, and a whole day lay ahead. Then a second glance at the clock proved me wrong by twelve hours, and I sprinted to Denali’s room to wake her. Once again, despite multiple alarms and a strong resolve to “must wake up early and do work so we can do nice things afterwards,” we woke up past 6 in the evening. Though behind our Thanksgiving Friday schedule, Denali and I would not miss the holiday entertainment. As planned, we took a trip to Downtown Boston (first time I’d gone since the warm and carefree Pre-Orientation days) to see Blink! “the state-of-the-art light sound extravaganza that transforms every inch of Americas first open marketplace.” Then we walked through rows of delicious food items in Quincy Market, shared a bowl of savory teriyaki chicken, gazed longingly at adorable novelty items, and restrained ourselves from purchasing said knick-knacks. When the Quincy Market stalls began to close, we wandered into the night, popped into random shops, and even attempted to get in on magnificent Black Friday deals, but discovered that those had ended much earlier in the day. No wonder the stores seemed so desolate, as if ravaged by a winter storm. After such a wholesome adventure, Denali and I agreed to postpone work till Saturday (when we would for sure do it, seriously). “Can you wake me up early tomorrow when you head to the dining hall?” she requested. “If I can wake up, sure,” I promised, “And will you wake me up if I don’t wake you up?” “Sure. I’ll bang on your door door loudly.” Back on hall, the First East denizens gathered in the lounge to select the day’s film. “Can we watch a documentary?” someone requested. Picking one proved a daunting task, since Amazon Prime featured a variety of films in the genre, anything from a three-part gory murder mystery to depictions of animal’s private lives, human history, and social issues. At last, we discovered an unexpected gem. Our selection was a documentary lauded by Amazon viewers. “Some will call this film conjecture, but for me it filled in a lot of blanks and made perfect sense,” one reviewer described. That’s how we settled to watch propaganda. We were aware that this was the case prior to clicking the “watch” button, but wanted to know the source of this wondrous “truth.” I won’t disclose the name of the modern deception masterpiece, but will say in our defense that the hour and a half of outright mistruths turned highly amusing in the company of friends. In fact, the film’s claims were so far-fetched that three-word snippets of interviews taken out of context and shots of the movie’s own script were used as evidence. It was cheesy, badly made, but certainly “opened our eyes.” We may or may not watch other works of the director in the future, including Elvis Found Alive and Paul McCartney Really Is Dead: The Last Testament of George Harrison. Yes, those are actual movies created by the same person. We have been wrong about our favorite musicians all this time. On Sunday evening, the missing denizens of First East began to roll back in, and soon the lounge was again filled with sounds of music and laughter, as well as occasional outbursts of “Stop! This is not a DVD!” (a quote from a viral video that has become a classic First East lounge cry). I recognized sadly that my week was shaping to be extremely busy with the final Problem Sets of the semester. Perhaps I should have utilized Thanksgiving time differently, though I don’t actually believe that. One thing I learned in my time at MIT is that wasting time is sometimes essential. Occasionally, we get stressed/hosed/frustrated/anxious/tired, and in those times the best cure is to forget, leave the bubble, and ignore the work. Watch something dreadfully ridiculous. Play a game. Hold a rap battle on the table. Dance. Sing. Shout. Shout on a different floor. Take a walk. Wander through the freezing streets. Eat chocolate. Try hippie clothing. See holiday lights. Purchase presents. Hold tea parties. Catch up with old friends. Cook. Talk. Relax. And most importantly, enjoy. All will seem so much better the next day. Yup, sometimes wasting makes all the difference. Bonus Resources: “Should you turn up or turn down this week? Just use the right hand rule to find out!!!!!!!!!” (caption and *clickable* image supplied by the marvelous Brenda Z. ‘18 and Ama K. ‘18) And here are some images (with links) that have inspired us over the weeks:  Sunset Þórsmörk, South-Iceland (image credits: Max Rive)   The Tunnel of Love in Ukraine (image credits: Amos Chapple/Rex/Rex USA/Buzzfeed)

Factors Affecting The United States - 4403 Words

FINAL PAPER #1 1. What factors combined to attract great numbers of people to American cities? What were the characteristics of these migrants? How did these migrants change once they were in the United States? How did they change America, cities or otherwise? To put this in perspective, an observant and inquisitive fifth grade once asked her mother: Why does it seem as though Blacks, Hispanics, Chinese, and Europeans from Italy and Poland like living in cities? The racial composition cities in the United States underwent a major changes that might be considered as decisive shortly after World War I. Ayer has indicated that demographers typically distinguish two modes of living: urban and rural. In plainer language, people live in the city†¦show more content†¦For example, in the 1920s, Chicago s urban black population grew by 148 percent; Cleveland s by 307 percent; Detroit s by 611 percent. (Cengage MindTap, n.p.). A number of reasons brought about the movement of African Americans to northern cities from the south. First and perhaps a clear reason is the African American annoyance of Jim Crow disfranchising system in the South. Secondly, a large numbers of African Americans were forced to leave their homes and families in the south in their search for a better life following the depressed cotton market as well as the natural disasters that reduced many black land-owner to sharecropping or tenant farmers trapped in vicious cycle of indebtedness. From a positive perspective, the massive military conscription that occurred during WWI caused labor shortages, particularly in the northern region of the United States. These labor shortages appeared to be an opportunity that offered African American for employment in steel, shipbuilding, and automotive industries, meat packing factories, and also in plants that specialized in ammunition production (Cengage MindTap, n.p.). Many cities adopted residential segregation ordinances such that disallowed blacks to establish residence in predominantly white neighborhoods. To that end, housing issues became a contentious matter between blacks and whites throughout and beyond the Great Immigration era. Although the U.S. Supreme Court made a

Hamlet And Ophelia Relationship Analysis - 988 Words

In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia has always been open for interpretation because Shakespeare was never clear on what their exact relationship was. However, throughout the play there are multiple interactions between Hamlet and Ophelia that suggest that they were more than just friends. Hamlet and Ophelia’s interactions and behavior around each other prove that they are in love and their complicated relationship expresses many themes carried throughout the play. Although it cannot fully be determined whether or not Hamlet and Ophelia were truly together, many of their interactions hint that they were. After orders from her father, Ophelia gives back Hamlet the love letters he wrote her, â€Å"My†¦show more content†¦Before leaving for France, Laertes, Ophelia’s brother, tells Ophelia that Hamlet â€Å"may love you now† but will not love you for long (1.3). Laertes clearly knows that Hamlet and Ophelia ar e in some sort of relationship because of what he is saying while giving his sister advice. Although Laertes is telling Ophelia to stray from Hamlet, it still shows the reader that even Ophelia’s own brother believes that there is a relationship between the two. At Ophelias funeral Queen Gertrude says â€Å"I hoped thou shouldst have been my Hamlet’s wife,† (5.1). The queen opened up her true feelings of Ophelia and Hamlet’s relationship in front of many people, making the idea of their relationship seem as if it is not news to anyone. Hamlet’s own mother thought they would end up together proving that there had to have been a known relationship between the two. After hearing the tragic news of Ophelias death, Hamlet says â€Å"I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers could not with all their quantity of love make up my sum,† (5.1). Hamlet meant that even Laertes, Ophelia’s only brother’s, love was not even forty thousand times the amount of Hamlet’s. It took Hamlet a long time for him to finally confess his love for Ophelia, and maybe he did not even realize his true feelings until she was gone. With the own family members of Hamlet and Ophelia talking about the two being an item, itShow MoreRelatedThe Symbolism Of Ophelia s Hamlet 1500 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent readers? Text Analyzed: Shakespeare’s Hamlet Part of the Course to Which the Text Corresponds to: Part 4 Thesis: In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, Ophelia’s role would be interpreted as a plot device by a modern English woman and as a victim by an Elizabethan woman. This would occur because of their understanding of the symbolism of Ophelia’s actions in madness, the context surrounding Hamlet’s view of her, and their characterization of Ophelia. Argument 1 Topic Sentence: The two readersRead MoreAnalysis of Ophelias Character in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English play Hamlet, Shakespeare incorporates deep analytical thought in his writing by the use of character, symbolism, and motifs. Specifically, readers can find these characteristics through analytical reading of the character Ophelia. While initially reading the story, Ophelia represents a character that is typical of the women in the 1600s, one who is too submissive and directed by the people around her. First impressions of Ophelias character seem much too simplistic- one that is emotionallyRead MoreThe Death and Madness of Ophelia1248 Words   |  5 PagesApril 19, 2013 â€Å"The Madness Death of Ophelia† Hamlet, Prince of Denmark: By; William Shakespeare In Hamlet, Shakespeare makes it clear that Prince Hamlet is insane or at least on the verge of â€Å"madness.† However, Ophelia (daughter of Polonius, King of Denmark) begins to go mad, as well, after Hamlet kills her father, and the other numerous tragedies that plague her like a black cloud hovering about until her untimely death. In this literary analysis I will ask, and attempt to explain theRead MoreThe Profound Impact Of Female Characters Of Shakespeare s Hamlet930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Profound Impact of Female Characters in Hamlet How much of an impact can the women in a man’s life have on his thoughts and actions? A mother is the first woman her son will come into contact with, and can skew her son’s image of women through her actions. A man’s significant other also has the ability to bring out the best in him, but can also become the target for his anger and stray emotions. In William Shakespeare s Hamlet, although there are only two main female characters, both women†¯possessRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare892 Words   |  4 PagesOne of Shakespeare’s most compelling plays would arguably be Hamlet. Throughout the years, scholars have written countless analysis’ of the play and the characters presented within the text. One of the most enigmatic characters is Ophelia, daughter of Polonius, sister of Laertes and one could argue the lover of Hamlet. Her background is unknown which makes for an interesting canvas for readers, actresses and academics to paint upon. She is a sweet, innocent young woman, subject to the rules of theRead MoreHamlet Relationships And Madness Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesRelationships and Madness A few of the characters within the play Hamlet showed signs of madness. The characters went mad due to the antagonizing relationships they had with other characters; the madness within the play created a chain reaction among the characters. In the end, the characters’ madness led to their own and others untimely demise. Claudius’ jealousy of Hamlet senior began his downward spiral to madness. Claudius’ lust for Queen Gertrude, his brother’s wife, led to him killing HamletRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis961 Words   |  4 PagesWhen one reads William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, it is easy to overlook the female characters as powerless and subservient. However, things are not always what they seem at first glance, as a further analysis of Gertrude and Ophelia suggests. Although the plot centers around Hamlet’s quest for revenge, these two female characters have a profound influence on what transpires. These women certainly play more significant roles than they seem at first. In Act I, Gertrude appears to be an unfaithful wifeRead MoreFather-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences1223 Words   |  5 PagesFather-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences In both William Shakespeares Hamlet and August Wilsons Fences, the emphasis placed on parent-child relationship is vital, as family plays an important role in developing a characters values as well as his or her upbringing does. While Ophelia, Laertes, and Hamlet show loyalty to their fathers unconditionally, Cory, even though looks up Troy as a figure, eventually exhibits disrespect to him. The relationship that Ophelia shares with her fatherRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the useRead MoreThe Analysis of the Character Ophelia on Hamlet Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Ophelia is the most static character in the play. Instead of changing through the course of the play, she remains suffering in the misfortunes perpetrated upon her. She falls into insanity and dies a tragic death. Ophelia has issues surviving without a male influence, and her downfall is when all the men in her life abandon her. Hamlet’s Ophelia, is a tragic, insane character that cannot exist on her own. In Elizabethan times, Ophelia is restricted as a woman. She

Alfred Kinsey Free Essays

Kara Duenas January 27, 2013 2nd period A. P. Psychology Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on Alfred Kinsey or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gatewood Alfred Kinsey was born in New Jersey on June 23, 1894 to Alfred Kinsey and Sarah Charles. As a young boy he suffered many illnesses such as rheumatic fever and typhoid. In high school, he began his interest in biology and botanical studies with the influence of his teacher. He started his career in biology as a zoologist and entomologist but later found interest in sexology. His parents were very religious therefore not agreeing with his choice of career. Due to this he considered his father’s wishes by studying engineering but decided that he was better off with biology. In 1919 Kinsey graduated from Harvard with a Doctor of Science degree and joined Indiana University. He became a full professor in 1924 but was not satisfied with the offer he was given so he took a change in career paths and began to study sex and marriage. His reason for studying sex and marriage was that he was intrigued by the lack of details and inaccuracies of research he read. With his knowledge in biology, he decided to take a biological approach in studying sex and marriage. As his first case studies and research, he started by asking his students (freshman and sophomores) detailed questionnaires but that did work out because he found that some of the answers were too inappropriate. He decided to start one on one interviews. â€Å"Kinsey received research support from the National Research Council and the Rockefeller Foundation, which allowed him to hire research assistants, expand the geographic scope of his work, and found the Institute of Sex Research at Indiana University in 1947†. This sparked his career in sexology. He decided to drop his marriage course and solely focus on his sex research. In 1948 he published his first book on sex called â€Å"Sexual Behavior in the Human Male†, this book, based on over 5000 sexual histories, provided a series of revelations about masturbation, adulterous sexual activity, and homosexuality. In 1953 he published â€Å"Sexual Behavior in the Human Female†, this book was based on almost 6000 sexual histories that contained many revelations about women’s masturbatory practices, premarital sexuality, and orgasmic experiences. In particular, the book reported that extramarital and premarital sex were more frequent than generally believed; that nearly all males, especially teenagers, masturbated and that masturbation did not cause mental illness; and that one in three men reported having at least one homosexual encounter. Alfred Kinsey focused all his research on the following topics: anal sex, bisexuality, coitus, erogenous zones, extramarital sex, fantasy, foreplay, homosexuality, masturbation, nudity, oral sex, orgasm, peak performance/maximum sexual activity, premarital sex and sadomasochism. There are little studies shown in the original Kinsey Studies regarding anal sex. He reported, among the male homosexual, occasional individuals brought to orgasm anally and for females, Kinsey said that good incidence data was not available. Kinsey found that bisexuality is more frequent in males then in females but believed that because a male and a male engage in sexual activity does not mean they are homosexual. Kinsey spent most of his time researching and studying sex that he did not have time for his wife. He began having sexual affairs with children and experimented to deepen his studies and knowledge about sexual behaviors. Kinsey’s work has been instrumental in advancing acceptance of pornography, homosexuality, abortion, and condom-based sex education, and his disciples even today are promoting a view of children as â€Å"sexual beings. † Their ultimate goal: to normalize pedophilia, or â€Å"adult-child sex † Kinsey’s health deteriorated under the strain of public attack and uncertainty about the future of his institute. Everyone attacked him for his ways of conducting research and his methods. On August 25, 1956 Alfred Kinsey died of heart disease and pneumonia. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Kinsey, 1948, W. B. Saunders of Philadelphia, and the book was published while the Indiana legislature was in recess in December 1948. The 804 page book. â€Å"Alfred Kinsey Biography (1894-1956). † Internet FAQ Archives – Online Education – faqs. org. http://www. faqs. org/health/bios/10/Alfred-Kinsey. html (accessed January 27, 2013). [ 2 ]. â€Å"Alfred C. Kinsey: A Pioneer Of Sex Research. † National Center for Biotechnology Information. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447862/ (accessed January 27, 2013). [ 3 ]. â€Å"Alfred C. Kinsey: A Pioneer Of Sex Research. † National Center for Biotechnology Information. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. ov/pmc/articles/PMC1447862/ (accessed January 27, 2013). [ 4 ]. Ibid [ 5 ]. â€Å"The Kinsey Institute – Kinsey Study Data [Research Program]. † The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction. http://www. kinseyinstitute. org/research/ak-data. html (accessed January 27, 2013). [ 6 ]. Kinsey, 1948, W. B. Saunders of Philadelphia, and the book was published while the Indiana legislature was in recess in December 1948. The 804 page book. â€Å"Alfred Kinsey Biography (1894-1956). † Internet FAQ Archives – Online Education – faqs. org. http://www. faqs. org/health/bios/10/Alfred-Kinsey. html (accessed January 27, 2013). How to cite Alfred Kinsey, Papers

Research Effect of Environmental Disasters on Human Reproductive Health

Introduction The developed world had undergone industrial revolution from early 1800’s and by 1892; it was in its dying embers focus moving to sophistication and consolidation of industries. Transport routes, education of skilled labour, production technology, management, military prowess and industry expansion were now the fad.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Effect of Environmental Disasters on Human Reproductive Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the transport industry, investment was heading into railways and improving water transport corridors. Therefore, when William T. Love in 1892, had a proposal to create a water transport channel by connecting the upper and lower Niagara River, it was a brilliant idea of the times. Attracting finances, the project begun in earnest only to collapse after economic depression due to impending world war. In 1920, the local municipal council did purchase Love Canal for use as a landfill (Brayan, N., 2003). The year is 1942; Hooker Chemicals starts depositing over 20,000 tons of chemical waste at the Love Canal over the next eight consecutive years. Hooker Chemicals seals Love Canal off with impregnable clay, sells the land to the Educational Board for $1 and absolves itself in a contract from any consequent legal action (1953). The impact on the environment begins years later, when construction activities in the area permeate the canal, after a rapid increase in the population. Chemicals start seeping into the soil of the surrounding area under the guidance of underground streams resulting in health complications of the community of Love Canal, New York; these complications range from reproductive health complications and low child mortality to increase in cancer cases (Gibbs, L. M., 1998). Mothers had more miscarriages and premature pregnancies; Children born were of low birth weight and had higher deformities per 100 children than other areas of New York. The municipal council, on the other hand, was dismissing the health complications as old wives tales.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper will look at previous research by New York State Department of Health to ascertain whether, a connection exists between the chemicals in Love Canal and reproductive health of its 1970’s residents. It will compare Love Canal effect on reproductive health as a whole with the effect of individual chemicals found at Love Canal on reproductive health in other areas. Background A chronology of the events that faced the community of Love Canal is essential to gain a perspective of the environmental scandal. Lois Gibbs in her 20th Anniversary edition book Love Canal: The Story- continues (1998) achieves these objectives. Gibbs had a sick child and was requesting for transfer of her child from the school. While the school was obstructing her efforts, she had a chance of looking into history of Love Canal. Additionally, she undertook a preliminary research, using results to rally fellow parents to pressure the New York Department of Health to look into effect of Love Canal on health of their children leading to the founding of Love Canal Parents Movement (1978). Apart from lessons from love canal project providing a wealth of information as a public resource, its article, History of Love Canal gives additional background. In The Love Canal Disaster: An Error in Engineering or Public Policy? Joshua Hertz (1996) points to the effect lack of information by Hooker Chemicals about Love Canal had on the community.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Effect of Environmental Disasters on Human Reproductive Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hooker Chemical had put its best foot forward in securing the canal from exposure to the environment; covering it all around with impermeable clay. This clay would withstand seepage of chemicals to the surrounding soil. However, construction of a school a top of it did open the top of the landfill for rainwater. Additionally, drainage pipe construction through the chemical landfill created an allowance for chemicals to leak. The Environmental Protection Agency did publish a report, id: NYD000606947 in 1983. It details actions that Environmental Protection Agency took to clean the environment off the 20,000 tons of chemicals. First was to contain the landfill chemical waste from further seepage. Second was eliminating the effect of seepage on the underground water network and sewage system. Third was disposal of chemical waste and excavation of the school built on top of the landfill. Finally, was maintenance of homes at Love Canal area. After much public complaint, the New York Department of Health did employ a con tractor in 1976, the Calspan Corporation to look into the complaints. It found toxic chemicals in the area, located near the landfill. Additionally, the area drainage system was behind spread of toxic chemicals within the area. The Department did not implement this study. It was in March 1978 that it undertook its own study Love Canal – Public Health Time Bomb (1978). The study apart begun researching on soil composition to obtain the effect the chemicals had on the area surrounding the landfill. Later it studied health problems brought about by the over 20,000 tons chemical waste, focusing on its effect on the high rate of birth defects and miscarriages.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Love Canal follow up health study (1996), is a comprehensive study by the New York State Department of Health. It is a 20-year follow up of Love canal former residents. The In-depth study had a focus several key areas: mortality, cancer, chemical contamination of blood and reproductive health. Their results, particularly in reproductive health, provide the basis of this study. Methods The research on reproductive health will base it on secondary data of past research carried out. This is on the basis that the lack ability to collect primary data, due to lack of funding and sufficient in depth researchers to collect data from former residents of Love Canal. Further, ability to obtain records of 1940-1980 residents is a strenuous activity due to litigation and the seeking of private information. Therefore, secondary data collection will be from research undertaken by the New York Department of health 1978 and 1996. Love Canal – Public Health Time Bomb (1978) was a research unde rtaken by the New York Department of Health while facing an amounting amassing public and political pressure. It was a study looking into health complications reported in women of the high rate of miscarriages and birth defects. Love Canal Follow Up Health Study (1996) was a research undertaken by the New York Department of health. The carrying out of the research was 20 years after the relocation of residents from Love Canal. It was a study, which had a focus on four areas: mortality, cancer, chemical contamination of blood and reproductive health. The assessment of Love Canal twenty years later was to take a long-term assessment on the health of the residents of Love Canal (1940-1980). It was inclusive of a comparison group of women in Upstate New York and Niagara counties. Results Love Canal – Public Health Time Bomb (1978) had a study group of 6,181 Love Canal residents. The study focus was on the effect of chemical present on the landfill n health, rate of miscarriages a nd birth defects. In Love Canal follow up health study (1996) was a follow up of the study group for Love Canal – Public Health Time Bomb (1978). Women in the study were those, had earlier been interviewed during the periods 1978 to1982 while having have lived in Love Canal over a period time starting from1940 to1980. In total there were 980 mothers in the study. With records putting the number of births at1,799. Of these, 32 were two or more children of the same pregnancy. Comparisons were against women of Upstate New York and Niagara County (control group). LOVE CANAL FOLLOW UP HEALTH STUDY (1996) AREA OF STUDY RESEARCH RESULTS Preterm births Love Canal women had more miscarriages over study period than control group. Number of boys and girls Boy to Girl birth ratio Love canal Control group Boys 94 105 Girls 100 100 Birth defects Love Canal (1983 to 1996) 492 children born Defects 16 Boys 11 Girls 5 control group birth defects numbers are not clear as to the number according to the study. However, it states Love Canal has a higher number of birth defects per 100 children born. Low birth weight; Children born were small for gestational age Children born were small for gestational age weighing among the lowest ten percent of babies born in State of New York. The weight of babies was low in comparison to Upstate New York and Niagara County. Study analysis Love Canal follow up health study (1996) was successful in tracing 97% women initially interviewed. The information collection was credible since it was information from public records of births and birth certificates. Third, comparison groups (Upstate New York and Niagara County) had a similar demographic structure. It, however, had several shortcomings including, researchers did not analyse higher birth defects in boys. The study was not inclusive of alcohol use, drug abuse and occupation effect on the pregnancies. Finally, Love Canal follow up health study (1996) did not e ncompass all people living in love canal and births before 1960. Conclusion Love Canal – Public Health Time Bomb (1978) focus was on high birth defects and high number of miscarriages. It in its proposals to the state government it pushed for the relocation of the residents from Love Canal, due to the presence of hazardous chemicals in the land fill. However, later studies did point to underground water spreading effect of the land fill to other areas, which the first study did not take into consideration. In 1978, the government had an evacuation of 239 families living in a two-block radius of the landfill, but further protests by residents of the area led to a complete evacuation in 1980. This was after later research post-1978 did identify crucial information on the effect of the landfill chemicals on blood serum chromosomes and cancer (The New York Department of Health, 1978). Love Canal follow up health study (1996) results were same as similar later research studies in terms of the results of higher birth defects, low birth weight and high number of miscarriages due to living close to the landfill. However, its addition to previous research done from 1978 was the low boy to a higher girl birth ratio due the effect of the Love canal chemicals on reproductive health. This is in line, with studies on the effect of chemical exposures on reproductive health, which state chemical exposure has an effect on reproductive health. Further, the 1996 New York Department of Health research did delve on other areas such as cancer effect of the dump, mortality and blood chemical makeup (The New York Department of Health, 1996). References Brayan, N. (2003). Love canal: pollution crisis (environmental disasters). Gareth Stevens Pub publishers. Environmental Protection Agency. (1983). Love Canal: US Environmental Protection Agency. Web. Gibbs, L. M. (1998). Love Canal: The Story Continues, 20 Anniversary edition, New Society Publishers. Hertz, J. (1996). The Love C anal Disaster: An Error in Engineering or Public Policy?  Web. Lessons from love canal project, (2007). History of Love Canal.  Web. New York Department of Health, (1978). Love Canal: Public Health Time Bomb. Web. New York Department of Health, (1996). Love Canal: Follow Up health Plan. Web. 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